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Indian mass under British rule. Besides several India was robbed away in both the ways, i.e., by
eminent poets and writers in different languages, providing market for the British goods and
e.g., Rabindranath Tagore in Bengali, Vishnu supplying raw materials for the factories of
Shastri Chiplunkar in Marathi, Laminate England. The creation of absentee landlords by
Bezbaruah in Assamese, Mohammad Husain the Britishers and in association with them the
Azad and Altar Husain Ali in Urdu, etc. contrib- local money-lenders exploited the Indian mass
uted a lot to rouse nationalism among the local and made them poorer and poorer. The adverse
people through their writings. effects of British exploitation were reflected in
Press and Newspapers : Press and magazines Indian economy. Dadabhai Naoroji with his
played a dominant role in injecting national theory of agricultural decay; G.V. joshi and
feelings in the minds of Indians. Raja Ram Ranade with their charges against the ruin of
Mohan Roy was the pioneer of Indian press and Indian handicrafts brought before the people the
journalism. He edited Sambad Kumauni in exploitative policy of the Britishers which ruined
Bengali and Miratul Akbar in Persian. Gradually, the Indian economy, factory, handicrafts, etc.
several newspapers were edited in different parts and brought untold miseries to the people and
of the country in several languages. To mention a made them poor. The hungry bellies became
few notable ones, The Amritbazar Patria, Hindu angry against the Britishers.
Patriot, Indian Mirror, Bengalese, Sanjivani, Racial Antagonism : The Englishmen consid-
Saharan, in Bengali, the Maratha Kesari, Native ered themselves as superior in all respects than
Opinion, Indus Prakash in Maharashtra; the the Indians. They never wanted to offer the
Hindu, Kerala Patria, Andhra Prakashiks in Indians higher jobs even though they were
Madras; the Tribune, Akbar-i-Am, Koh-i-Noor in qualified and intelligent. The age limit for Indian
Punjab etc. were the important publications that Civil Service examination was kept at twenty-one
reflected the colonial rule of the Bruisers and and the examination was held at England.
aroused nationalism in the minds of Indian people. Aurobindo Ghosh was declared disqualified in
Economic Exploitation of the Britishers : A horse-riding and could not get through that
nation of shop-keepers, the Britishers, paralysed examination, even he had qualified the written
examination. Thus, the colonial rule was well
apparent before the educated Indians who
became the vanguard in spreading discontent
against the British rule among the Indian mass.
The Atrocities of Lord Lytton : The adminis-
tration of Lord Lytton discharged venom in the
minds of Indian people. He celebrated a cere-
mony at Delhi Durbar when Queen Victoria
assumed the title Kaiser-e-Hind (the Empress of
India), when the country was famine-stricken. He
Indian economy by draining wealth from this imposed heavy tax on the people of India and
country. The industrial revolution in England spent a large chunk of money in the Afghan war.
helped in the productive process and she needed
During his time, the Arms Act was passed which
markets all over the world for selling its products
prohibited the Indians from keeping arms
and also needed raw-materials for its factories.
Social Science-8 100
