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instilled a sense of patriotism among the POLITICAL METHODS
people.
EXTREMIST APPROACH
6. The partition of Bengal under Lord Curzon
saw the Indian National Congress entering
STRESS ON SELF-RELIANT DIRECT ACTION
its second phase, one which was dominated
by the radicals. The partition of Bengal
instead of breaking up the momentum of BOYCOTT SWADISHI NATIONAL PASSIVE
EDUCATION RESISTENCE
the national movement, ironically acceler-
ated it. People from various strata of life
came together to fight against this decision REVIVAL OF MASS
of splitting Bengal into two provinces. INDIA’S GLORY SWARAJ INVOLVEMENT
METHODS USED BY THE RADICALS
Political Goal
Methods of the
Radicals : In their were later on adopted by Gandhiji and the
m e t h o d s , t h e Indian National Congress (INC).
Radicals believed in BIRTH OF THE MUSLIM LEAGUE
political action. The Muslim League was founded in 1906 under
They thought that the leadership of Salimullah Khan. The League
Indians should work grew due to two main reasons. One was the
o u t t h e i r o w n encouragement given by the British to the
salvation. They formation of a separate organisation for the
must be prepared to Muslims, as they felt that the Muslims could be
undergo sufferings won over to their side, keeping in line with their
and sacrifices for the Lord Curzon policy of divide and rule.
sake of their nation. For this purpose, the Another reason was the perception among some
Radicals adopted a three fold action plan, Muslim leaders that the Hindus who were a
namely — Boycott of foreign goods, Swadeshi
majority would leave the Muslims out in the
and National Education. Their programme also
future governance of India. The British also
included non-cooperation with the British and
reinforced this fear. Moreover, some Hindu
not to help them in case of a war, e.g., the First
leaders started using Hindu festivals like Ganesh
World War. The swaraj was to be achieved by
Chaturthi, Raksha Bandhan, etc., to infuse a
mass action, not by political mendicancy. feeling of nationalism. This aggravated their fear
Chart showing political goal and methods of and gave the Muslims the feeling that the Indian
extremists or aggressive nationalists National Congress was mainly aiming for conces-
Achievements of the Radicals : The Redicals sions for the Hindus and that the Muslims would
were able to achieve a lot. They succeeded in be neglected and isolated from the national
popularising the ideal of Swaraj amongst the policy.
masses. Thus, they gave a mass base to the The declared aims of the Muslim league were as
national movement. They placed in the hands of given below :
the people two very important means of mass 1. Promotion of loyalty to the British govern-
action, namely Boycott and Swadeshi, which ment among the Muslims.
Social Science-8 105
