Page 100 - Grammar Class 06

G The present continuous changes to the past continuous.
Direct: He said, “I am living in London.”

Indirect: He said that he was living in London.

G The present perfect changes to the past perfect.
Direct: She said, “I have bought a new shirt.”

Indirect: She said that she had bought a new shirt.

G The present perfect continuous changes to the past perfect continuous.

Direct: He said, “I have been watching a serial.”
Indirect: He said that he had been watching a serial.

G The simple past changes to the past perfect.

Direct: She said, “I stayed at my uncle’s home.”

Indirect: She said that she had stayed at her uncle’s home.
G The past continuous changes to the past perfect continuous.

Direct: He said, “I was walking along the river bank.”
Indirect: He said that he had been walking along the river bank.

The past perfect and the past perfect continuous do not change.

The modals are changed as mentioned below:
1. must – had to 2. will – would 3. shall – should

4. can – could 5. may – might
2. If the reporting verb is in present or future tense, the verb in the indirect speech does

not change.
Direct: He says, “I am reading a story.”

Indirect: He says that he is reading a story.
3. If the reporting speech expresses a universal truth, a scientific fact or a habitual
action, then its tense does not change.

Direct: He said, “The earth is round.”

Indirect: He said that the earth is round.
4. Pronouns are also changed when we change the direct speech into indirect speech.

G The first person pronouns like I, me, mine, we, us, our, ours change according
to the subject of the reporting verb.

G The second person pronouns like, you, your, yours change according to the
object of the reporting verb.

100
Grammar-6