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Meanwhile, efforts of the introduction and promotion of the
enlightened Indians such knowledge of sciences among the inhabit-
as Raja Ram Mohan Roy ants of the British territories in India.
bore fruit and a grant 7. The Company’s charter had previously
was sanctioned for been renewed by the Charter Act of 1793
Calcutta College set up and was next renewed by the Charter Act of
in 1817 by educated 1833.
Bengalis, imparting
MACAULAY’S MINUTES, 1835
English education in
Lord Macaulay was the Legal Member of the
western humanities and
Executive Council of the Governor-General. He
sciences. The Govern- Raja Ram Mohan Roy
recommended to educate the upper classes of
ment also set up three
India through the medium of English language.
Sanskrit colleges at Calcutta, Delhi and Agra.
Education of the masses was not the aim of
Features of Charter Act of 1813 Macaulay. in North-West Provinces, James
The Charter Act of 1813 was as follows : Thompson, Lieutenant-Governor (1843-53)
1. The monopoly of trade of the Company made efforts to develop a broad scheme of
was abolished except in Tea and its trade village education through the medium of vernac-
with China. ular languages. In these village schools, useful
2. Church was placed under a Bishop which subjects like mensuration, agricultural science,
was maintained from Indian revenue. etc. were taught through the medium of vernacu-
Englishmen were granted permission to lars. A department of Education was setup for
settle and hold land in India; to the mission- the inspection and improvement of indigenous
aries for introducing useful knowledge and schools. The motivating force behind
propagating religious and moral improve- Thompson’s plan was to train personnel for
ment and to traders for their lawful pur- employment in the newly set up Revenue and
poses, under a system of licenses. Public Works Departments of the provinces.
3. The crown had complete power over WOOD’S DESPATCH OF 1854
territorial revenue. In 1854, Charles Wood
4. For the improvement of education one lakh prepared a despatch on
grants were allotted. an educational system
5. Charter Act of 1813 had defined in clear for India. This document
terms the power of superintendence and is considered as the
direction of the Board of Control. Moreover, “Magna Carta of English
the power of the Board of Control was Education in India”.
enlarged by this Act of 1813. The Wood’s Despatch of
6. The significant part of the Charter Act of 1854 had the following
1813 was the clause of providing for the contents :
sum of 1 lakh rupees annually for the Aims and Objectives Charles Wood
development of literature and education in of Educational Policy
India. It had also been declared that the The Wood’s Despatch of 1854 first throws light
educated natives were to be encouraged for on the aims and objectives of educational policy
Social Science-8 59
