Page 110 - Science Class 08
P. 110
v Hypothalamus gland : It lies inside the from goitre. The symptom of this disease is
brain. It uses informa on it gets from other that the neck becomes swollen.
parts of the brain. Therefore, it is also v Parathyroid glands : Parathyroid glands are
known as recep on to s mulate or inhibit embedded in thyroid. Generally, people
the secre on of hormones from the have two parathyroids on each of the two
pituitary gland. lobes of the thyroid.
v Pituitary gland : It lies just below the brain. v Adrenal gland : Adrenal glands secrete two
It is also called the master gland because it types of hormones namely adrenalin and
secretes the most number of hormones. cor coids. These hormones regulate birth
v Tropic hormones : It regulates the secre on rate, heart rate, blood pressure, carbohy-
of hormones from other endocrine glands drate metabolism and mineral balance.
like adrenal, thyroid, testes and ovaries. These hormones also help us to overcome
v Growth hormones : It regulates the normal our fear. Whenever we are frightened,
growth. It increases the rate of growth of these hormones increase the heart beat
skeleton. Over secre on of these horm- and breathing, raise blood pressure and
ones results in gigan sm (a person became allow more glucose to go into the blood to
very tall) and its li le secre on results in give energy to fight the fear.
dwarfism. v Pancreas : It lies alongside stomach. It
v Prolac n : It works with the estrogen, consists of two glands — one exocrine and
progesterone and other hormones to the other endocrine. As an exocrine gland,
s mulate the mammary gland in the breast it secretes the diges ve enzymes. As an
to secrete milk a er a woman gets endocrine gland, it secretes the hormones,
motherhood. insulin and glycogen.
v Vasopressin : Pituitary gland secretes this Insulin decreases the blood glucose level by
hormone to control the volume of the helping body cell to transport glucose across
blood by regula ng the amount of water their membranes.
reabsorbed by the kindney. Glucagon increases the blood glucose level by
v Oxytocin : Secrete by the pituitary gland it triggering the liver to convert stored carbohy-
helps women during the birth process. dretes into glucose and to convert other
nutrients such as amino acids into glucose.
v Thyroid gland : It is a ached to the wind
pipe in our neck. It secretes a hormone v Testes : Testes of a man secrete testos-
called thyroxin. Thyroxin controls the terone which develops secondary sexual
metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and characters in male.
proteins in our body. v Ovaries : Ovaries of a woman secrete
Iodine is necessary for the thyroid gland to estrogen which develops the female
make thyroxin hormones. It is essen al for secondary characters.
the synthesis of thyroxin. Due to the Ovaries also secrete progesterone which
deficiency of iodine, a person may suffer prepares uterus for receiving the fer lised
110 Science-8
